MySQL Cluster refers to a system of the database whose frontend is a MySQL server for creating, editing, and storing standard SQL queries. It is a distributed architecture acting as a booster for high performance and fault tolerance. Using this software, you store as well as replicate data on different storage or data nodes of which each one runs on a separate server with a replica of your data. Apart from the data nodes, each cluster possesses management nodes.
All of these nodes form the backbone of the MySQL cluster and they are reliable because of data consistency during the updates that implement the technique of two-phased commit (either update happens in all desired nodes or in none). The best feature of this database system is its MySQL server that allows you to transfer MySQL applications to the MySQL Cluster database system. The purpose of MySQL Cluster is to allow the highest performance among a multitude of MySQL servers for high scalability, availability, load distribution, and data redundancy by storing it in more than one location.
MySQL Cluster Architecture Components:
Technically, MySQL Cluster refers to the components of a Network DataBase (NDB) and MySQL server plus. A normal installation includes setting up the cluster’s components on the network machines.
Considering the architecture, the NDBcluster, a storage engine in form of an interface connects the cluster to the MySQL server. This storage engine is always usable via the NDB Cluster components. However, if you wish, you can use it without the MySQL Server via lower-level coding with the NDB API, an object-oriented interface to execute transactions, scans, indexes, failure recovery, and event handling. Due to this, you can make applications to store, edit, and retrieve data in the cluster.
Therefore, a typical configuration will have three layers namely, applications connecting to the MySQL server, the MySQL server itself for analyzing the SQL queries and connecting to the storage engine, and the data nodes or NDB Cluster components for processing the queries and giving the outcomes to the MySQL server. The common scenario is that enterprises use multiple MySQL servers for connecting to a sole NDB Cluster or several clusters with the aid of MySQL replication.
MySQL Cluster Features:
One of the most wanted features of MySQL Cluster is date node recovery from a failure. A loss in communication notifies about the failure after which you can restart the node automatically via utilizing the replicated data from other nodes. In this context, there is one more feature called ‘no down system due to failure’. By this, I mean that no failing node can bring down the entire system. Even system recovery is possible in case of the unwanted shutdown with the help of changelogs and checkpoints from where the data replicates in the memory.
Partitioning is another great feature, which splits the data across the data nodes automatically. If you use version 5.1, you will even benefit from user-defined partitioning. You will be happy to know that you can make simultaneous node backups even while the transactions are executing, which includes the transaction log, the metadata, and data.
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